The Viking 1 Orbiter was inserted into Mars orbit on June 19, 1976, and trimmed to a 1513 x 33,000 km, 24.66 h site certification orbit on June 21. On July 20, 1976, the Viking 1 lander separated from the orbiter, touched down on the Chryse Planitia region of Mars, and sent back the first close-up photographs of the rust-colored Martian surface. Upon arrival, the orbiters began taking pictures of the Martian surface, from which final landing sites were selected. At left is the first image taken on the surface of Mars. The last data from Viking Lander 2 arrived at Earth on April 11, 1980. On July 20, 1976, the Viking 1 lander separated from the orbiter, touched down on the Chryse Planitia region of Mars, and sent back the first close-up photographs of the rust-colored Martian surface. NASA / Time Life Pictures / Getty. Viking 1 consisted of both an orbiter and a lander designed to take high-resolution images, and study the Martian surface and atmosphere.
High Point: Vikings 1 and 2 Land on Mars. July 20, 1976 and Sept. 3, 1976 — Mars is an awfully hard place to get to, which the U.S. and U.S.S.R. proved, having fired a fusillade of 20 different probes toward the Red Planet since 1960, missing or crashing more often than succeeding. Viking 1's view of the site showed the opposite of what planners wanted: "a deeply incised river bed," according to On Mars, a NASA History Office publication detailing the early Mars missions. Surface of Mars taken from Viking I . Viking 1 entered Mars orbit on June 19, 1976.

Twenty years ago, on July 20, 1976, the Viking 1 lander became the first spacecraft to successfully land on the surface of Mars. The first month of its orbit was devoted to imaging the surface to find appropriate landing sites. Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975, and arrived at Mars on June 19, 1976. The Viking 1 touched down on the surface of Mars on July 20, 1976, and was joined by the Viking 2 on September 3. Operating on the Martian surface into the early 1980s , the Vikings took thousands of pictures, conducted sophisticated chemical searches for life, and studied the martian weather and geology. Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975, and arrived at Mars on June 19, 1976. The first month of its orbit was devoted to imaging the surface to find appropriate landing sites. . Viking 1 and Viking 2 were launched within a couple of weeks of each other in 1975 and landed in 1976.Each spacecraft consisted of an orbiter and a lander which traveled attached together for nearly a year to reach Mars orbit. Viking 1, the first spacecraft to sucessfully land and conduct science on the surface of another planet, landed at Chryse Planitia on July 20th, 1976. The Viking 2 lander, meanwhile, operated in another region called Utopia Planitia between September 1976 and April 1980. The last data from Viking Lander 2 … On July 20, 1976, the Viking 1 lander separated from the orbiter, touched down on the Chryse Planitia region of Mars, and sent back the first close-up photographs of the rust-colored Martian surface. The first spacecraft to successfully land on Mars, Viking 1 was part of a two-part mission to investigate the Red Planet and search for signs of life.

Viking Lander 1 made its final transmission to Earth November 11, 1982. Explanation: On July 20, 1976, NASA's Viking 1 lander became the first U.S. spacecraft to land on Mars, followed weeks later by its twin robot explorer, the Viking 2 lander. The first close-up photographs of the rust-coloured Martian surface were taken in Chryse Planitia, the region on which the Viking 1 lander had touched down – and continued operating until November of 1982. Landing on Mars was planned for July 4, 1976, the United States Bicentennial , but imaging of the primary landing site showed it was too rough for a safe landing. Several events this week will examine the legacy and impact of Viking on future international Mars missions and the two U.S. robotic missions scheduled for launch to Mars … Viking 1 lands on Mars on July 20, 1976. On this date, 20 July 1976, Viking 1 landed on Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to successfully do so.

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