He also observed sunspots and craters on the Moon. Galileo's observations that sunspots moved from day to day and thus must be or close to the Sun's surface clashed with the Aristotelian concept of perfection of the Sun. Get the latest updates on NASA missions, watch NASA TV live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind. May 18, 1838. May 18, 1840. To achieve orbit, the horizontal velocity is as important as the altitude. To stay in orbit at the Kármán line requires a speed of around 18 000 miles per hour. May 25 - President Kennedy challenged the country to put a man on the moon by the end of the decade. May 5 - Astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space. The idea was developed further by Herman Oberth 20 years later in his thesis By Rocket Into Planetary Space . The distance between a star and earth.

Friedrich Bessel makes the first measurement of the distance of a star from the Earth, calculating the distance of 61 Cygni to be approximately 6 light years away; the true value is later calculated as approximately 12 light years. Discover the dates and details for milestones in space exploration from the years 1600 through 1960, including Sir Isaac Newton's Principia, the work of Robert Goddard, and the first satellite in space. In 1610 his pioneering work led to the discovery of four satellites of Jupiter. NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. April 12 - Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space.

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