Human adenoviruses in clinical samples were detected with six primer pairs specific for all adenovirus subgenera (A to F) (78). Genito-Urinary InfectionsThe utility of multiplex PCR in diagnosis of viruses associated with genital tract infection is reflected by the numerous reports detecting and typing human papilloma viruses (HPVs). Detection of parvovirus B19 by dot-blot and polymerase chain reaction. The color of the fluorescence produced during the amplification process identified the retrovirus present in the sample, and correlation of the thermal cycles required with the intensity of each fluorescent signal developed provides an accurate measure of the number of virus sequences present in the original sample. SUMMARY PCR has revolutionized the field of infectious disease diagnosis. Rapid simultaneous detection of multiple retroviral DNA sequences using the polymerase chain reaction and capillary DNA chromatography. Amplification of the six major human herpesviruses from cerebrospinal fluid by a single PCR. Where available, full use should be made of external quality control materials, and both external and internal quality controls must be rigorously applied. The second round of amplification delays results, increases the possibility of cross-contamination, and may complicate automation. In modern-day science, the present method is widely used in microbial detection and identification, and virology studies. The test was applied to sera from nine donors, of which seven were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV; one was reactive for both anti-HCV and anti-HBc; and one was reactive for both HBsAg and anti-HBc. Multiplex, real-time RT-PCR is a similar method, allowing simultaneous quantification of several RNA targets in the same reaction. A Redescription of Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903 (Emended Walker, 1911) Separating It from Entamoeba dispar Brumpt, 1925. Selection of alternate HSV and C. trachomatis primer pairs allowed development of a multiplex PCR with identical sensitivity to that of uniplex PCRs for detection of each of the three targets. Detection of human herpesvirus 6 and 7 in heart transplant recipients by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Primers with lower amplification efficiency resulted in product concentrations below the saturation concentrations, and depending on the template, either the expected product ratio or bias was observed. Of the 38 specimens, the multiplex PCR detected HSV in 31 specimens (81.6%) and HSV and T. pallidum in 1 specimen (2.3%) (coinfection). Detection of hog cholera and differentiation from other pestiviruses by polymerase chain reaction. Empirical testing and a trial-and-error approach may have to be used when testing several primer pairs, because there are no means to predict the performance characteristics of a selected primer pair even among those that satisfy the general parameters of primer design (43). 1 2. Two approaches have been used to address this problem. In the second round of amplification a series of three internal primer pairs are introduced, producing type-specific amplicons that were easily differentiated based on size upon gel electrophoresis. Prevalence and Molecular Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii, and Entamoeba hartmanni in Egypt. Of the six clinically suspected cases of chancroid, the multiplex PCR was negative for all pathogens in one case and positive for HSV in the remaining five cases. Simultaneous detection of both hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis C virus RNA using a combined one-step polymerase chain reaction technique. A nested multiplex RT-PCR which included three primer pairs in each round of amplification was utilized for the simultaneous detection, typing, and subtyping of influenza type A (H3N2 and H1N1) and type B viruses in a prospective surveillance of influenza in England in the 1995–1996 winter season (30). The first round of amplification utilizes a primer pair to amplify the entire pre-S region of the virus genome. 97th Gen. Meet. Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia by polymerase chain reaction with archived frozen lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Multiplex PCRs that amplify target sequences along with the presence of external or internal control target nucleic acids to indicate reaction failure have been developed (49, 62, 69). Surveys of gene families using polymerase chain reaction for discrimination of the 50 samples 103! In severe lower or upper respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients unknown virus.... 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